Adjective and its types

Types of Adjective

1. Possessive Adjective

2. Interrogative Adjective 

3. Demonstrative Adjective 

4. Adjective of Quality 

5. Adjective of Quantity 

6. Distributive Adjective 

7. Proper Adjective 

Interrogative Adjective

An interrogative adjective is used to ask a question

 For example:

 What

 Which 

 Whose

 Which colour do you like the most?

 Whose tables are these?

Possessive Adjective

The adjective that shows the possession of someone or something 

 e.g.

 My, your, his, her, its, their, our

 This is my book.

 Their children are very naughty.

PREPOSITIONS

EXERCISE 1:

Put in the suitable prepositions:

1. We don't go ____ school ____ Sundays.
2. She was waiting for me ____ the railway station. 
3. We arrived ____ Khairpur exactly six o'clock.
4. Come  ____ 10 am ____ Friday morning
5. I bought this hat ____ ten rupees.
6. He hasn't been here ____ Monday. 
7. Our cat was bitten ____ a dog.
8. My home is ____ Karachi, but I was born ____ Phakka, a small village in Dadu.
9. Put your books ____ the table. 
10. You may write ____ pencil.
11. There's no bus; we'll have to go ____ foot.
12. We went the seaside ____ car.
13. Get ____ the train here, and get off the third stop.
14. Many planes fly ____ the Atlantic nowadays. 
15. We've been waiting ____ an hour.
16. I'll call ____ you ____ a more convenient time. 
17. Hold it carefully ____ your thumb and first finger.
18. I couldn't hear what they were talking ____
19. A girl ____ blue eyes has just gone to the door ____ the class.
20. Here's a present ____ you; don't forget it and go home ____ it!
21. The teacher was sitting ____a desk.
22. ____ him was a blackboard 
23. As he was coming ____ me, he threw some orange-peel ____ the fence ____ his way ____ the garden.
24. They were standing ____ the two houses.
25. We had to go ____ the hill ____ a little house ____  the top. 
26. She was looking ____  the window ____ the busy street. 
27. We walked ____ the main road, turned left ____ the railway station, and went as far as the third turning on the right.
28. Read ____ line 10 to line 20 ____  page 7. 
29. You can use my knife to cut it ____.
30. The stream ran ____  a little tunnel ____ the roadway.
31. He spoke ____ me ____  his hands his pockets.
32. I walked ____  one end of the street ____  the other. 
33. You can reach the station ____  bus ____ ten minutes.
34. The pictures will be ____ show ____ one week longer. 
35. I'm bringing an old book ____ leather covers ____ you  ____ the evening ____  dinner. 
36. Don't look ____ me like that!
37. A brick has fallen ____  the well and knocked the bucket ____ the rope.
38. I must look ____ the postcard I got ____ my teacher last week.
39. Most children remain ____  school ____ the ages of six and sixteen.
40. The first sputnik travelled ____  the world hundreds of times ____  a few weeks.
41. I fell  ____  a rock when I was climbing ____  a mountain last week.
42. It's farther  than I thought; it's _____ five miles ______  the shortest route..
43. Switzerland lies ______  Germany, France and Italy. 
44. I'm staying ______ friends not far ______  the station.
45. Please come ______  me ______  the theatre tonight. 
46. Who did you give the money______?
47. The children ______  four years ______  age do not often go ______ school. 
48. My school was founded ______  Quaid-e-Azam  ______  1998. 
49. Come and sit ______  this sunshade ______  a comfortable deck chair.
50. Do you want to speak ______  me ______  anything? 
51. Who can be calling ______  us ______ this late hour?
52. There's a knock  ______ the door.
53. Don’t go out ______ the rain ______ an umbrella.
54. We listen ______ the radio ______ half an hour ______ dinner.
55. The cat is hiding ______ us ______ the table.
56. I must work hard ______  history  because I am not very good ______ it.
57. I wonder if I shall get ______ my history exams.
58. You can cut the apple ______ two ______ this knife.
59. I go ______ the post office every day.
60. Let’s go ______ a walk ______ the garden ______ dinner time.

MCQS for PST and JEST

SECTION – I (ENGLISH)

Choose the correct answer:

1.       While I was having my lunch, he ____________.

(A) come in                      (B) comes in

(C) came in                      (D) had come in

 

2.       She was plucking the flowers when we ________ the park.

(A) enter                           (B) entered

(C) had entered                 (D) were entering

 

3.       After he _________ the letter, she called him.

(A) has written                  (B) wrote

(C) had written                  (D) writes

 

4.       She usually __________ to school on foot.

(A) go                              (B) went

(C) goes                           (D) is going

 

5.       They did not __________ the match.

(A) win                             (B) won

(C) winning                       (D) wins

 

6.       Shan has been working here _____ two months.

(A) for                              (B) ago

(C) before                         (D) since

 

7.       Where _______ you been since long?

(A) has                             (B) have

(C) will                             (D) are

 

8.       She has __________ finished her work.

(A) already                       (B) usually

(C) before                         (D) yet

 

9.       What _______ she and her sister doing now?

(A) is                               (B) was

(C) are                             (D) has

 

10.   We went to visit the zoo five years ______.

(A) for                              (B) ago

(C) before                         (D) since

 

11.   Have you drunk milk _____?

(A) already                       (B) often

(C) yet                             (D) just

 

12.   ________ she combed her hair?

(A) Did                             (B) Has

(C) Was                           (D) Is

SECTION – II (PHYSICS)

13.   Mixture of electrons and bare nuclei is called

(A) liquid                          (B) charge

(C) plasma                       (D) luminous intensity

 

14.   The unit of electric current is:  

(A) ampere                       (B) coulomb

(C) mole                           (D) pascal

 

15.   The unit of acceleration is:

(A) m/s                            (B) m/s²

(C) km/s                          (D) km/hr

 

16.   One millimeter is equal to:

(A) 10^-8 m                         (B) 10^-3 m

(C) 10^-6 m                                    (D) 10^-9 m

 

17.   One gram is equal to:

(A) 10^-3 kg                        (B) 10³ mg

(C) 10⁶ µg                        (D) All of these

 

18.   Which one is not a derived quantity?

(A) Temperature                (B) Speed

(C) Volume                       (D) Work

 

19.   Which one is a fundamental unit?

(A) Kilometer                    (B) Kilogram

(C) Newton                      (D) m/s

 

20.   Who told that the earth is round not flat?

(A) Bu Ali Sina                  (B) Ibn Al Haithum

(C) Al Beruni                    (D) Al Kindi

 

21.   Who invented pinhole camera?

(A) Dr. Abdus Salam         (B) Ibn Al Haithum

(C) Al Beruni                    (D) Dr. Abdul Qadeer

 

22.   Who was the first Pakistani to win Nobel Prize?

(A) Dr. Abdus Salam         (B) Ibn Al Haithum

(C) Al Beruni                    (D) Dr. Abdul Qadeer

 

23.   Who made Pakistan a nuclear state?

(A) Dr. Abdus Salam         (B) Ibn Al Haithum

(C) Al Beruni                    (D) Dr. Abdul Qadeer

 

24.   The study of motion of objects is called

(A)  Potential Physics       (B) Solid state Physics

(C) Mechanical Physics    (D) Atomic Physics

25.   The error which is caused by the fault in instrument is called

(A) Systematic Error         (B) Personal Error

(C) Random Error             (D) All of these

 

26.   Who discovered longitude & latitude of the earth?

(A) Bu Ali Sina                  (B) Ibn Al Haithum

(C) Al Beruni                    (D) Al Kindi

 

SECTION – III (CHEMISTRY)

 

27.   Who gave the law of conservation of mass?

(A) Landolt                       (B) Lavoiser

(C) Robert Hooke             (D) John Dalton

 

28.   Which one is the correct definition of Law of Conservation of Mass?

(A) mass of products is equal to pressure of air.

(B) mass can be created but not destroyed.  

(C) mass can neither be created and nor destroyed.  (D) mass of reactant can’t be changed into reactant.

 

29.   Chemical formula of Silver nitrate is:

(A) AgCl                           (B) NaNO₃

(C) AgNO₃                       (D) HCl

 

30.   Mass of an atom compared with C-12 is called

(A) Atomic number            (B) Mass number

(C) Atomic mass              (D) Molecular mass

 

31.   a.m.u is the unit of:

(A) Atomic number           

(B) Formula mass

(C) Atomic mass             

(D) Molecular mass

 

32.   The formula which show actual number and type of atoms in a molecule is called

(A) Atomic formula            (B) Empirical formula

(C) Molecular formula        (D) None of them

 

33.   Molecular formula of carbon dioxide is:

(A) CO                             (B) C₂O

(C) CO₂                           (D) CH₄

 

34.   Empirical formula of Benzene (C₆H₆) is:

(A) C₂H₂                          (B) CH₂O

(C) CH                             (D) C₂H₄

 

35.   Formula of hydrochloric acid is:

(A) AgCl                           (B) NaNO₃

(C) AgNO₃                       (D) HCl

 

36.   AgNO₃ + HCl ------->

(A) AgH+ NO₃Cl               (B) HNO₃ + AgCl

(C) HNO₃ + HCl                (D) AgO₃ + HNCl

 

SECTION – II (BIOLOGY)

37.   Biology is a:

(A) Physical Science         (B) Geological Science

(C) Chemical Science       (D) Natural Science

 

38.   The study of tissues of plants and animals is:

(A) Zoology                      (B) Cytology

(C) Histology                    (D) Physiology

 

39.   The study of naming the living organisms is:

(A) Anatomy                     (B) Taxonomy

(C) Genetics                     (D) Physiology

 

40.   Pharmacology deals with:

(A) Parasites                    (B) Cells

(C) Drugs                         (D) Fossils

 

41.   LASER technology shows relation of biology with

(A) Chemistry                   (B) Physics

(C) Mathematics               (D) Economics

 

42.   Abdul Malik Asmai wrote Al-Kheil about:

(A) Sheep                         (B) Horse

(C) Animals                      (D) Humans

 

43.   Who is called founder of medicine?

(A) Abdul Malik Asmai       (B) Bu Ali Sina

(C) Jabir Bin Haiyan          (D) Al Beruni

 

44.   Which of these are micro-molecules?

(A) Glucose                      (B) Proteins

(C) Carbohydrates                        (D) All of these

 

45.   Similar type of cells together make:

(A) Organs                       (B) Tissues

(C) System                      (D) Population

 

46.   Which of these is a unicellular organism?

(A) Bacteria                      (B) Euglena

(C) Virus                          (D) Both A and C

 

47.   Which organism lives in colony?

(A) Virus                          (B) Amoeba

(C) Volvox                        (D) Euglena  

 

48.   Different populations make up a:

(A) Community                 (B) Ecosystem

(C) Ecology                      (D) Species

 

49.   The organisms which have no cell are called

(A) Unicellular                   (B) Multicellular

(C) Non-cellular                (D) None of them

 

50.   Palaios means:

(A) cell                             (B) ancient

(C) cut                             (D) parasite

Political conditions of Anglo Saxon Period

Political conditions of Anglo Saxon Period (410-1066)

By: Saira M.Juman Solangi, at MBBS Campus Dadu

The political conditions of Anglo Saxon period 

During the dark ages, mostly the fifth and sixth century there were different people ruling in heptarchy of Great Britain. There were many kings and queens during this era who ruled their kingdoms . KING ALFRED THE GREAT is the most famous among those kings. When Romans left Great Britain in the fifth century, the land was left almost defenseless and they needed someone to rule and keep the political scenario well. All the kingdoms needed someone to defend them from invaders. Names of kings like King Canute, king Alfred the great were major rulers. Before seventh century many kings ruled over and established their authorities. There were no prisons at the time so the culprits were either asked to pay fine for their crimes or they were killed . Kings had their councils which used to sit together and have a final decision . Also there was concept of Witan , a group of religious people who helped king in making decisions. Some of the Anglo Saxon kings are mentioned below: 

King Aethelberht (King of Kent) who was married to a Christian woman namely Berths daughter of king of Paris , he was the one to convert to Christianity . He motivated his people to write laws. Gradually smaller kingdoms became powerful and that gave rise to monarchy The first monarch that was established and stable was of king Egbert (827-839) . He ruled over all of Anglo Saxon England and his monarchy was followed by his son Aethelwulf (839-858) he was the father of Alfred the great. After him Kings like Aethelbald (858-860) , Aethelbert (860-866) and Aethelred (866-871) and Alfred the great succeed their father Aethelwulf . 

ALFRED THE GREAT (871-899) He was one of the strongest leaders in many battles. He was youngest son of king Aethelwulf . He retained the throne after his three brothers. He defended England from Danes , strengthened old forts and built new strategic sites. He was well educated and successful in government as well as war, good and wise at administration . He was able to rule for more than two decades. He defeated Viking army in battle of Edington and after that made a treaty with them according to which Danes who were a part of those Vikings , their king Guthrum agreed to withdraw from Wessex and thus in treaty he was given the provision of the land that was later on called as Danelaw. Alfred after this victory reformed his army 

Edward -The Elder ( 899-924) He was son and successor of Alfred the great . He retained the southeast England from Danes and United kingdoms of Wessex and Marcia. Later on he was killed in a battle against Welsh. 

Athelstan (924-939) He was son of Edward the Elder. He fought one of the bloodiest battle ever in 937 called battle of Burunanburh. He was the one who united the Anglo Saxon kingdoms as the kingdom of England. He fought against Celts, Scots, Danes and Vikings all together 

Edmund 939-946) He was half brother of Athelstan , fought along him and then regained Anglo Saxon control over northern England. He was just 25 when he was killed by stabbing and his sons were too young to succeed him . 

Eadred (946-978) He was brother of Edmund and he defeated Norseman as well as the Scandinavian king namely Eric Bloodaxe. He sustained an injury and that wound led him to death. 

Eadwig (955-959) He was the son of Edmund. At the age of 16 he was crowned as king and died at the age of 20.  

Edgar (959-975): He was the youngest son of Edmund and he attacked Chester in which he failed . 

Edward the martyr (975-978): He was successor of his father Edgar and at the early age of 12 he was crowned as king. He was in fued with his brother and that led to dispute between church and novelty. He was murdered by followers of his own brother Aethelred II.  

Aethelred II 978-1016: He was called Aethelred the unready because he was not ready for throne and so he fled away to Normandy in 1013 and Dane’s king Sweyn Forkbeard conquested English but later on died and Aethelred returned to his throne . After king Aethelred II few more kings ruled over Anglo Saxon England before the Norman conquest that includes Edmund II (1016-1016) 

Caunte (1016-1035): He was the son of Sweyn Forkbeard . After the death of Edmund II he ruled over his people . He ruled England, Denmark as well as Norway. During his time it was called as North sea Empire ( England, Denmark and Norway) .He tired to tie England and Denmark alongside by power and wealth. He was known as king of all England. He was major figure in politics and he gave laws too . He even contributed to the development of Churches. Harold I (1035-1040) Harthacanute (1040-1042) Edward -the confessor (1042-1066) 

Harold II (1066) The last Anglo Saxon king who was defeated and killed by William the conqueror in battle of Hastings. He belonged to royalty but he was elected as king by Witan ( highly religious group of people who were also given some power in administration) . He was able to defeat the army of Norway at the Battle of Stamford Bridge and later on he was defeated in Battle of Hastings which marks the end of Anglo Saxon rule over great Britain. 2. The Norman Conquest Kind Harold II, since he was elected as a king by Witan ; there is a word that he bribed Witan to pronounce him as a king after the death of Edward . Whereas William claimed that he was promised the throne by Edward the confessor. When Harold took the oath the there were three other claimants namely Edgar who was too young to claim the throne, Harald Hardrada who was the king of Norway at that time so he was already busy with wars against Danes and the later was William who was furious over the coronation and he was planning on to attack England. He believed that the throne was his. William was silently gathering support and armour to attack England and claim his throne and at that time there battles were fought i.e. The Battle of Fullford, The Battle of Stamford Bridge and then The Battle of Hastings. For The Battle of Fullford Harold used a lot of fortune to pay army and buy weapons. Harald Hardrada and his brother Tostig attacked the Englishman and took over the city of York and after which they rested and restarted another battle that we call as The Battle of Stamford Bridge (1066) they were ready to capture the lands of South but Harold managed to gather a huge army in a week and he came to know about the plan of Hardrada and Tostig so instead he launched a surprise attack on them and that caused them to lose . The Norwegian army fought for hours but they later on surrendered . 

The Battle of Hastings: Just when king Harold thought that he saved his throne , only a few days later another army of Normans attacked them. The attack by William the conqueror was perfectly planned . According to some references it happened probably in October of 1066 that Harold’s army met army of Normans in Hastings which ended with the death of King Harold and this is how William the duke of Normandy conquested England. 

After Norman invasion the influence on Literature. 

 The Norman Conquest changed the English language as well as law and culture . French was then regarded as the language of law and administration . We can see so many French loans in English of this time period. Feudal system was also introduced . The Norman built new towns as well and also introduced the church courts. Mostly the effect of French is observed in English of this time period . Many sounds which were previously represented with one sound were differentiated for example , the /s/ and/ z/ sounds. In poetry romantic tales of love were added. Latin was replaced by English to be used in documents and the literature of that time period became the imitation of literature of French .